Vietnamese vowel bases
A Ă Â E Ê I O Ô Ơ U Ư Y
Vietnamese uses twelve vowel letters before tone combinations are counted.
VIETNAMESE CHARACTER SET
Vietnamese letters and tone marks to copy
Copy Vietnamese vowels with their complete tone combinations, plus Đ and đ. Filter visually through a complete precomposed Unicode set for modern Vietnamese text.
Click a character, then paste with Ctrl+V or ⌘V.
Characters 134Groups 4Format Unicode text
QUICK REFERENCE
Find the right character
Five tone marks
◌̀ ◌̉ ◌̃ ◌́ ◌̣
Grave, hook above, tilde, acute, and dot below combine with vowel letters. An unmarked vowel represents the sixth tone category.
D with stroke
Đ đ
Đ and đ are Vietnamese consonant letters and are not D with an accent.
Complete special-character set
ă â ê ô ơ ư đ and every marked uppercase and lowercase vowel
The copy grid contains non-ASCII precomposed forms so ordinary keyboard letters are not repeated unnecessarily.
KEYBOARD METHODS
How to type and insert these characters
Use Telex or VNI for regular writing
Enable a Vietnamese input method and choose the Telex or VNI convention you know. These methods compose vowel shapes and tones while you type words.
Add Vietnamese to the keyboard
A Vietnamese mobile keyboard supports the complete alphabet, tone entry, and language-aware suggestions more reliably than a general long-press menu.
Copy an exact precomposed vowel
Use the grid for a name, example, or isolated character. Confirm the vowel shape and tone mark before pasting.
Preserve normalization
Precomposed NFC and decomposed combining sequences can be canonically equivalent. Avoid stripping marks or rearranging code points during storage and search.
UNICODE REFERENCE
Character codes
| Character | Name | Group | Unicode | Windows Alt | HTML named | HTML decimal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| À | Capital A with grave tone | Grave tone | U+00C0 | Alt+0192 | Not listed | À |
| à | Lowercase A with grave tone | Grave tone | U+00E0 | Alt+0224 | Not listed | à |
| Ả | Capital A with hook above tone | Hook above tone | U+1EA2 | Not standard | Not listed | Ả |
| ả | Lowercase A with hook above tone | Hook above tone | U+1EA3 | Not standard | Not listed | ả |
| Ã | Capital A with tilde tone | Tilde tone | U+00C3 | Alt+0195 | Not listed | Ã |
| ã | Lowercase A with tilde tone | Tilde tone | U+00E3 | Alt+0227 | Not listed | ã |
| Á | Capital A with acute tone | Acute tone | U+00C1 | Alt+0193 | Not listed | Á |
| á | Lowercase A with acute tone | Acute tone | U+00E1 | Alt+0225 | Not listed | á |
| Ạ | Capital A with dot below tone | Dot below tone | U+1EA0 | Not standard | Not listed | Ạ |
| ạ | Lowercase A with dot below tone | Dot below tone | U+1EA1 | Not standard | Not listed | ạ |
| Ă | Capital A with breve | No tone mark | U+0102 | Not standard | Not listed | Ă |
| ă | Lowercase A with breve | No tone mark | U+0103 | Not standard | Not listed | ă |
| Ằ | Capital A with breve with grave tone | Grave tone | U+1EB0 | Not standard | Not listed | Ằ |
| ằ | Lowercase A with breve with grave tone | Grave tone | U+1EB1 | Not standard | Not listed | ằ |
| Ẳ | Capital A with breve with hook above tone | Hook above tone | U+1EB2 | Not standard | Not listed | Ẳ |
| ẳ | Lowercase A with breve with hook above tone | Hook above tone | U+1EB3 | Not standard | Not listed | ẳ |
| Ẵ | Capital A with breve with tilde tone | Tilde tone | U+1EB4 | Not standard | Not listed | Ẵ |
| ẵ | Lowercase A with breve with tilde tone | Tilde tone | U+1EB5 | Not standard | Not listed | ẵ |
| Ắ | Capital A with breve with acute tone | Acute tone | U+1EAE | Not standard | Not listed | Ắ |
| ắ | Lowercase A with breve with acute tone | Acute tone | U+1EAF | Not standard | Not listed | ắ |
| Ặ | Capital A with breve with dot below tone | Dot below tone | U+1EB6 | Not standard | Not listed | Ặ |
| ặ | Lowercase A with breve with dot below tone | Dot below tone | U+1EB7 | Not standard | Not listed | ặ |
| Â | Capital A with circumflex | No tone mark | U+00C2 | Alt+0194 | Not listed | Â |
| â | Lowercase A with circumflex | No tone mark | U+00E2 | Alt+0226 | Not listed | â |
| Ầ | Capital A with circumflex with grave tone | Grave tone | U+1EA6 | Not standard | Not listed | Ầ |
| ầ | Lowercase A with circumflex with grave tone | Grave tone | U+1EA7 | Not standard | Not listed | ầ |
| Ẩ | Capital A with circumflex with hook above tone | Hook above tone | U+1EA8 | Not standard | Not listed | Ẩ |
| ẩ | Lowercase A with circumflex with hook above tone | Hook above tone | U+1EA9 | Not standard | Not listed | ẩ |
| Ẫ | Capital A with circumflex with tilde tone | Tilde tone | U+1EAA | Not standard | Not listed | Ẫ |
| ẫ | Lowercase A with circumflex with tilde tone | Tilde tone | U+1EAB | Not standard | Not listed | ẫ |
| Ấ | Capital A with circumflex with acute tone | Acute tone | U+1EA4 | Not standard | Not listed | Ấ |
| ấ | Lowercase A with circumflex with acute tone | Acute tone | U+1EA5 | Not standard | Not listed | ấ |
| Ậ | Capital A with circumflex with dot below tone | Dot below tone | U+1EAC | Not standard | Not listed | Ậ |
| ậ | Lowercase A with circumflex with dot below tone | Dot below tone | U+1EAD | Not standard | Not listed | ậ |
| È | Capital E with grave tone | Grave tone | U+00C8 | Alt+0200 | Not listed | È |
| è | Lowercase E with grave tone | Grave tone | U+00E8 | Alt+0232 | Not listed | è |
| Ẻ | Capital E with hook above tone | Hook above tone | U+1EBA | Not standard | Not listed | Ẻ |
| ẻ | Lowercase E with hook above tone | Hook above tone | U+1EBB | Not standard | Not listed | ẻ |
| Ẽ | Capital E with tilde tone | Tilde tone | U+1EBC | Not standard | Not listed | Ẽ |
| ẽ | Lowercase E with tilde tone | Tilde tone | U+1EBD | Not standard | Not listed | ẽ |
| É | Capital E with acute tone | Acute tone | U+00C9 | Alt+0201 | Not listed | É |
| é | Lowercase E with acute tone | Acute tone | U+00E9 | Alt+0233 | Not listed | é |
| Ẹ | Capital E with dot below tone | Dot below tone | U+1EB8 | Not standard | Not listed | Ẹ |
| ẹ | Lowercase E with dot below tone | Dot below tone | U+1EB9 | Not standard | Not listed | ẹ |
| Ê | Capital E with circumflex | No tone mark | U+00CA | Alt+0202 | Not listed | Ê |
| ê | Lowercase E with circumflex | No tone mark | U+00EA | Alt+0234 | Not listed | ê |
| Ề | Capital E with circumflex with grave tone | Grave tone | U+1EC0 | Not standard | Not listed | Ề |
| ề | Lowercase E with circumflex with grave tone | Grave tone | U+1EC1 | Not standard | Not listed | ề |
| Ể | Capital E with circumflex with hook above tone | Hook above tone | U+1EC2 | Not standard | Not listed | Ể |
| ể | Lowercase E with circumflex with hook above tone | Hook above tone | U+1EC3 | Not standard | Not listed | ể |
| Ễ | Capital E with circumflex with tilde tone | Tilde tone | U+1EC4 | Not standard | Not listed | Ễ |
| ễ | Lowercase E with circumflex with tilde tone | Tilde tone | U+1EC5 | Not standard | Not listed | ễ |
| Ế | Capital E with circumflex with acute tone | Acute tone | U+1EBE | Not standard | Not listed | Ế |
| ế | Lowercase E with circumflex with acute tone | Acute tone | U+1EBF | Not standard | Not listed | ế |
| Ệ | Capital E with circumflex with dot below tone | Dot below tone | U+1EC6 | Not standard | Not listed | Ệ |
| ệ | Lowercase E with circumflex with dot below tone | Dot below tone | U+1EC7 | Not standard | Not listed | ệ |
| Ì | Capital I with grave tone | Grave tone | U+00CC | Alt+0204 | Not listed | Ì |
| ì | Lowercase I with grave tone | Grave tone | U+00EC | Alt+0236 | Not listed | ì |
| Ỉ | Capital I with hook above tone | Hook above tone | U+1EC8 | Not standard | Not listed | Ỉ |
| ỉ | Lowercase I with hook above tone | Hook above tone | U+1EC9 | Not standard | Not listed | ỉ |
| Ĩ | Capital I with tilde tone | Tilde tone | U+0128 | Not standard | Not listed | Ĩ |
| ĩ | Lowercase I with tilde tone | Tilde tone | U+0129 | Not standard | Not listed | ĩ |
| Í | Capital I with acute tone | Acute tone | U+00CD | Alt+0205 | Not listed | Í |
| í | Lowercase I with acute tone | Acute tone | U+00ED | Alt+0237 | Not listed | í |
| Ị | Capital I with dot below tone | Dot below tone | U+1ECA | Not standard | Not listed | Ị |
| ị | Lowercase I with dot below tone | Dot below tone | U+1ECB | Not standard | Not listed | ị |
| Ò | Capital O with grave tone | Grave tone | U+00D2 | Alt+0210 | Not listed | Ò |
| ò | Lowercase O with grave tone | Grave tone | U+00F2 | Alt+0242 | Not listed | ò |
| Ỏ | Capital O with hook above tone | Hook above tone | U+1ECE | Not standard | Not listed | Ỏ |
| ỏ | Lowercase O with hook above tone | Hook above tone | U+1ECF | Not standard | Not listed | ỏ |
| Õ | Capital O with tilde tone | Tilde tone | U+00D5 | Alt+0213 | Not listed | Õ |
| õ | Lowercase O with tilde tone | Tilde tone | U+00F5 | Alt+0245 | Not listed | õ |
| Ó | Capital O with acute tone | Acute tone | U+00D3 | Alt+0211 | Not listed | Ó |
| ó | Lowercase O with acute tone | Acute tone | U+00F3 | Alt+0243 | Not listed | ó |
| Ọ | Capital O with dot below tone | Dot below tone | U+1ECC | Not standard | Not listed | Ọ |
| ọ | Lowercase O with dot below tone | Dot below tone | U+1ECD | Not standard | Not listed | ọ |
| Ô | Capital O with circumflex | No tone mark | U+00D4 | Alt+0212 | Not listed | Ô |
| ô | Lowercase O with circumflex | No tone mark | U+00F4 | Alt+0244 | Not listed | ô |
| Ồ | Capital O with circumflex with grave tone | Grave tone | U+1ED2 | Not standard | Not listed | Ồ |
| ồ | Lowercase O with circumflex with grave tone | Grave tone | U+1ED3 | Not standard | Not listed | ồ |
| Ổ | Capital O with circumflex with hook above tone | Hook above tone | U+1ED4 | Not standard | Not listed | Ổ |
| ổ | Lowercase O with circumflex with hook above tone | Hook above tone | U+1ED5 | Not standard | Not listed | ổ |
| Ỗ | Capital O with circumflex with tilde tone | Tilde tone | U+1ED6 | Not standard | Not listed | Ỗ |
| ỗ | Lowercase O with circumflex with tilde tone | Tilde tone | U+1ED7 | Not standard | Not listed | ỗ |
| Ố | Capital O with circumflex with acute tone | Acute tone | U+1ED0 | Not standard | Not listed | Ố |
| ố | Lowercase O with circumflex with acute tone | Acute tone | U+1ED1 | Not standard | Not listed | ố |
| Ộ | Capital O with circumflex with dot below tone | Dot below tone | U+1ED8 | Not standard | Not listed | Ộ |
| ộ | Lowercase O with circumflex with dot below tone | Dot below tone | U+1ED9 | Not standard | Not listed | ộ |
| Ơ | Capital O with horn | No tone mark | U+01A0 | Not standard | Not listed | Ơ |
| ơ | Lowercase O with horn | No tone mark | U+01A1 | Not standard | Not listed | ơ |
| Ờ | Capital O with horn with grave tone | Grave tone | U+1EDC | Not standard | Not listed | Ờ |
| ờ | Lowercase O with horn with grave tone | Grave tone | U+1EDD | Not standard | Not listed | ờ |
| Ở | Capital O with horn with hook above tone | Hook above tone | U+1EDE | Not standard | Not listed | Ở |
| ở | Lowercase O with horn with hook above tone | Hook above tone | U+1EDF | Not standard | Not listed | ở |
| Ỡ | Capital O with horn with tilde tone | Tilde tone | U+1EE0 | Not standard | Not listed | Ỡ |
| ỡ | Lowercase O with horn with tilde tone | Tilde tone | U+1EE1 | Not standard | Not listed | ỡ |
| Ớ | Capital O with horn with acute tone | Acute tone | U+1EDA | Not standard | Not listed | Ớ |
| ớ | Lowercase O with horn with acute tone | Acute tone | U+1EDB | Not standard | Not listed | ớ |
| Ợ | Capital O with horn with dot below tone | Dot below tone | U+1EE2 | Not standard | Not listed | Ợ |
| ợ | Lowercase O with horn with dot below tone | Dot below tone | U+1EE3 | Not standard | Not listed | ợ |
| Ù | Capital U with grave tone | Grave tone | U+00D9 | Alt+0217 | Not listed | Ù |
| ù | Lowercase U with grave tone | Grave tone | U+00F9 | Alt+0249 | Not listed | ù |
| Ủ | Capital U with hook above tone | Hook above tone | U+1EE6 | Not standard | Not listed | Ủ |
| ủ | Lowercase U with hook above tone | Hook above tone | U+1EE7 | Not standard | Not listed | ủ |
| Ũ | Capital U with tilde tone | Tilde tone | U+0168 | Not standard | Not listed | Ũ |
| ũ | Lowercase U with tilde tone | Tilde tone | U+0169 | Not standard | Not listed | ũ |
| Ú | Capital U with acute tone | Acute tone | U+00DA | Alt+0218 | Not listed | Ú |
| ú | Lowercase U with acute tone | Acute tone | U+00FA | Alt+0250 | Not listed | ú |
| Ụ | Capital U with dot below tone | Dot below tone | U+1EE4 | Not standard | Not listed | Ụ |
| ụ | Lowercase U with dot below tone | Dot below tone | U+1EE5 | Not standard | Not listed | ụ |
| Ư | Capital U with horn | No tone mark | U+01AF | Not standard | Not listed | Ư |
| ư | Lowercase U with horn | No tone mark | U+01B0 | Not standard | Not listed | ư |
| Ừ | Capital U with horn with grave tone | Grave tone | U+1EEA | Not standard | Not listed | Ừ |
| ừ | Lowercase U with horn with grave tone | Grave tone | U+1EEB | Not standard | Not listed | ừ |
| Ử | Capital U with horn with hook above tone | Hook above tone | U+1EEC | Not standard | Not listed | Ử |
| ử | Lowercase U with horn with hook above tone | Hook above tone | U+1EED | Not standard | Not listed | ử |
| Ữ | Capital U with horn with tilde tone | Tilde tone | U+1EEE | Not standard | Not listed | Ữ |
| ữ | Lowercase U with horn with tilde tone | Tilde tone | U+1EEF | Not standard | Not listed | ữ |
| Ứ | Capital U with horn with acute tone | Acute tone | U+1EE8 | Not standard | Not listed | Ứ |
| ứ | Lowercase U with horn with acute tone | Acute tone | U+1EE9 | Not standard | Not listed | ứ |
| Ự | Capital U with horn with dot below tone | Dot below tone | U+1EF0 | Not standard | Not listed | Ự |
| ự | Lowercase U with horn with dot below tone | Dot below tone | U+1EF1 | Not standard | Not listed | ự |
| Ỳ | Capital Y with grave tone | Grave tone | U+1EF2 | Not standard | Not listed | Ỳ |
| ỳ | Lowercase Y with grave tone | Grave tone | U+1EF3 | Not standard | Not listed | ỳ |
| Ỷ | Capital Y with hook above tone | Hook above tone | U+1EF6 | Not standard | Not listed | Ỷ |
| ỷ | Lowercase Y with hook above tone | Hook above tone | U+1EF7 | Not standard | Not listed | ỷ |
| Ỹ | Capital Y with tilde tone | Tilde tone | U+1EF8 | Not standard | Not listed | Ỹ |
| ỹ | Lowercase Y with tilde tone | Tilde tone | U+1EF9 | Not standard | Not listed | ỹ |
| Ý | Capital Y with acute tone | Acute tone | U+00DD | Alt+0221 | Not listed | Ý |
| ý | Lowercase Y with acute tone | Acute tone | U+00FD | Alt+0253 | Not listed | ý |
| Ỵ | Capital Y with dot below tone | Dot below tone | U+1EF4 | Not standard | Not listed | Ỵ |
| ỵ | Lowercase Y with dot below tone | Dot below tone | U+1EF5 | Not standard | Not listed | ỵ |
| Đ | Capital D with stroke | D with stroke | U+0110 | Not standard | Not listed | Đ |
| đ | Lowercase d with stroke | D with stroke | U+0111 | Not standard | Not listed | đ |
For ordinary writing, copy and paste the character itself. Use an HTML entity only in HTML source. A listed Windows Alt code requires a numeric keypad and may depend on the active character set.
USAGE GUIDE
How Vietnamese letters and tones are constructed
Vietnamese uses the Latin script with twelve vowel letters: a, ă, â, e, ê, i, o, ô, ơ, u, ư, and y. Five visible tone marks can combine with those vowels, while one tone is unmarked.
A vowel may carry both a shape-forming mark and a tone mark. For example, ể contains E with circumflex plus a hook-above tone. Unicode provides precomposed forms and canonical combining sequences for reliable interchange.
The position of a tone mark can vary with the font while the character identity stays the same. Use a font with Vietnamese support when stacked marks collide or disappear.
A vowel mark and a tone mark can appear together
The breve, circumflex, or horn helps define the vowel letter. Grave, hook above, tilde, acute, or dot below marks tone. A Vietnamese vowel can therefore contain two visible diacritics without being two written letters.
COMMON QUESTIONS
Questions about Vietnamese letters
How many Vietnamese vowel letters are there?
Unicode’s core specification describes twelve modern Vietnamese vowel letters before tone combinations are counted.
What are the Vietnamese tone marks?
The visible marks are grave, hook above, tilde, acute, and dot below. Vietnamese also has an unmarked tone.
Why can one Vietnamese vowel have two marks?
One mark can define the vowel form, such as a circumflex or horn, while another marks tone.
Should I use precomposed or combining Vietnamese text?
Both can be canonically equivalent. NFC precomposed text is often convenient, but software should normalize and compare equivalent sequences correctly.
Related character pages
References: Unicode Core Specification, Chapter 7, Unicode normalization forms, Unicode Latin Extended-A, Unicode Latin Extended Additional, Apple accent entry guidance, Microsoft Word character codes.